Areca nut extract,Semen arecae
Product Name: Areca nut extract,Semen arecae
Botanical Source: Areca catechu L.
Part Used: Seed
Specification: 5:1 10:1 20:1
Appearance: Claybank Powder
Description
The areca nut is not a true nut, but rather a fruit categorized as a berry. It is commercially available in dried, cured, and fresh forms. When the husk of the fresh fruit is green, the nut inside is soft enough to be cut with a typical knife. In the ripe fruit, the husk becomes yellow or orange, and as it dries, the fruit inside hardens to a wood-like consistency. At that stage, the areca nut can only be sliced using a special scissors-like cutter.
Usually for chewing, a few slices of the nut are wrapped in a betel leaf along with calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) and may include clove, cardamom, catechu (kattha), or other spices for extra flavouring. Betel leaf has a fresh, peppery taste, but it can also be bitter to varying degrees depending on the variety.
Areca nuts are chewed with betel leaf for their effects as a mild stimulant,[2] causing a warming sensation in the body and slightly heightened alertness, although the effects vary from person to person.
The areca nut contains the tannins arecatannin and gallic acid; a fixed oil gum; a little terpineol; lignin; various saline substances; and three main alkaloids-arecoline, arecaidine, and guvacine-all of which have vasoconstricting properties.[3] The betel leaf chewed along with the nut contains eugenol, another vasoconstrictor. Tobacco leaf is often added to the mixture, thereby adding the effect of nicotine.[4]
In parts of India, Sri Lanka, and southern China, areca nuts are not only chewed along with betel leaf, but are also used in the preparation of Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicines. Powdered areca nut is used as a constituent in some dentifrices.[5]Other traditional uses include the removal of tapeworms and other intestinal parasites by swallowing a few teaspoons of powdered areca nut, drunk as a decoction, or by taking tablets containing the extracted alkaloids.[5] According to traditional Ayurvedic medicine, chewing areca nut and betel leaf is a good remedy against bad breath.[6][unreliable source?] Diplomat Edmund Roberts noted that Chinese people would mix areca nut with Uncaria gambir during his visit to China in the 1830s.[7] After chewing a betelnut, the red residue, is generally spat out and is considered an eyesore. This has led many places to ban chewing this nut.[citation needed]
Main Function
1. Direct edible for its function of keep out the cold and eliminate the fatigue after labor.
2. Used for formula compounds for its function of refresh, relieve stress or purgative.
3. Used for veterinary medicine for its function of Digestive and killing worms and disperse accumulation.
4. Used for shampoo, body wash and soaps.
Application Filed
1. Antioxidant, digestive, anti-hyperlipidemia.
2. Help to relieve and eliminate the fatigue after labor, refresh and relieve the pressure.
3. Kill worms and disperse accumulation, depress qi, move water, prevent malaria.
4. Resistant to the microbial.
5. Anti-hypertension.
| 1-Deoxynojirimycin Basic information |
| Chemical Name Alkaloids |
| Product Name: |
1-Deoxynojirimycin |
| Synonyms: |
1-Deoxynojirimycin 19130-96-2;1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-d-glucito;1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-d-glucitol;1-deoxynojirimicin;1-deoxy-nojirimyci;5-amino-1,5-dideoxy-d-glycopyranose;5-dideoxy-5-amino-d-glucopyranos;5-piperidinetriol(2r-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha,5beta))-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4 |
| CAS: |
19130-96-2 |
| MF: |
C6H13NO4 |
| MW: |
163.17 |
| EINECS: |
606-239-2 |
| Product Categories: |
Miscellaneous Natural Products;All Inhibitors;Glycosidase Inhibitors;Inhibitors;Miscellaneous Enzyme;chemical reagent;pharmaceutical intermediate;phytochemical;reference standards from Chinese medicinal herbs (TCM).;standardized herbal extract |
| Mol File: |
19130-96-2.mol |
| |
| |
| 1-Deoxynojirimycin Chemical Properties |
| Melting point |
195-196°C |
| Boiling point |
361.1±42.0 °C(Predicted) |
| density |
1.456±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted) |
| RTECS |
TN4350300 |
| storage temp. |
Desiccate at +4°C |
| pka |
13.77±0.70(Predicted) |
| form |
Powder |
| color |
White |
| Water Solubility |
Soluble in water, dimethyl sulfoxide and methanol. |
| BRN |
3588039 |
| CAS DataBase Reference |
19130-96-2(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| Safety Statements |
24/25 |
| WGK Germany |
1 |
| HS Code |
29329990 |
| Provider |
Language |
| (2R,3R,4R,5S)-2-Hydroxymethyl-piperidine-3,4,5-triol |
English |
| |
| 1-Deoxynojirimycin Usage And Synthesis |
| Chemical Name |
(2R,3R,4R,5S)-2-Hydroxymethyl-piperidine-3,4,5-triol |
| Alkaloids |
1-deoxynojirimycin is referred DNJ for short , it is an alkaloid extracted from the bark of mulberry leaves and roots, but it also exists in other plants and microorganisms. This product is an effective α-glucosidase inhibitor, it has significant hypoglycemic effect. After 1-deoxynojirimycin goes into the human body, it can inhibit sucrose, maltase, α-glucosidase enzyme, α-amylase decomposing starch, sugar in the human body , thereby it can block the body's absorption of sugar, inhibiting blood sugar rising to achieve the effect of prevention and treatment of diabetes, the use of it does not cause changes in diet . In addition, DNJ can inhibit glucose modification process of HIV tunica glycoprotein , at the same time, the accumulation of immature glycoproteins may inhibit cell fusion, viral and host cell receptor can combine,which causes syncytia formation to inhibit the replication of MoLV ,then the virus activity is inhibited.
Nojirimycin is first discovered from Streptomyces, and natural DNJ is first isolated from the bark of mulberry root. In plants, from mulberry, dayflower, hyacinth and Adenophora plants, DNJ has been isolated and identified , DNJ has the highest content in the mulberry and because of mulberry varieties, medicinal parts, seasonal climate, geography, soil, leaf position, different developmental stages and other factors , there is a big difference. In a microorganism, from a variety of Streptomyces and Bacillus,DNJ is isolated ,it is also found that two kinds of endophytes separated from Mulberry including Stenotrophomonas oligotrophic Pseudomonas and Micrococcus can produce DNJ,fermentation conditions of a variety of microbial production of DNJ are studied. In insects, in addition to silkworm rich in DNJ , single or oligophagous insects with eating mulberry leaves habit including wild silkworm, mulberry geometrid, Diaphania pyloalis Walker , mulberry white capterpillar are also rich in DNJ , DNJ in insects bodies are from the food , content of DNJ in Bombyx bodies is different due to the different varieties of silkworm, developmental stages, tissues and organs as well as feed and other factors, with the silkworm age of progress ,there is the existence of cyclical changes in absorption and accumulation and excretion of DNJ. Now DNJ biosynthetic pathways in Streptomyces, Bacillus and Commelina bodies are explored and it is found that synthesis of DNJ has different mechanisms in different species . In addition, three main synthesis methods of 1-deoxynojirimycin are proven , some of the synthetic derivatives of DNJ have been used clinically.
Recent studies show that the active ingredient of mulberry DNJ (l-deoxynojirimycin), only exists in mulberry leaves , by blocking the α-glucosidase enzymes to hinder sugar becoming to glucose, mulberry leaf extract can inhibit intestinal glucose absorption. This can suppress the blood sugar level and blood pressure rising , and it can have good inhibitory effect on variability of imidazopyridine, benzopyrene and other carcinogenic substances,it has anti-cancer effect, at the same time ,mulberry leaf extract can reduce cholesterol, and improve liver function and eliminate constipation and so on. |
| Chemical Properties |
White Crystalline Solid |
| Uses |
Deoxynojirimycin inhibits mammalian glucosidase 1. As well, it inhibits intestinal and lysosmal alpha-glucosidases, beta-glucosidase from sweet almonds, pancreatic alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidase. |
| Uses |
An inhibitor of α-glucosidase I and II |
| Definition |
ChEBI: An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration. |
| Biological Activity |
Inhibitor of glucosidase I (K i = 2.1 mM) and II (K i = 7 mM). |
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